Pterodactylus - User contributions [en]

Ripping and Encoding DVDs

2025-11-29T20:48:27Z

Bombe: /* Using ffmpeg */

[[Category:Encoding]]
[[Category:Ripping]]
[[Category:DVD]]
This page describes in large detail how to create near perfect DVD rips. “Near perfect” in this context means that the video quality is nearly indistinguishable from the DVD video, and all audio tracks contained in the movie are the AC3 tracks that are contained in the DVD without any reencoding whatsoever.

This page was written ages ago; most of the tools mentioned here probably still exist for Linux (and maybe other systems).

== Copy the Disc and Decrypt It ==

$ dvdbackup -M -n foo -i /dev/disk123

Obviously, replace *foo* with a short name for the disc you’re trying to rip, and `/dev/disk123` with the actual device name of your DVD drive.

This will create a decrypted version of the complete disc on your harddrive, in a directory named `foo`.

== Copy the Main Title from the DVD ==

First, we need to find out which title is the main title. I recommend storing the output of <code>lsdvd</code>, too, so that you can look at it later, e. g. for subtitle stream IDs, or other technical information.

$ lsdvd -x /dev/dvd > movie.txt

Instead of <code>/dev/dvd</code> you can also use the name of the directory created in the previous stop.

$ lsdvd -x foo > movie.txt

<code>lsdvd</code> can tell you a lot of things about the DVD in question. Especially the track IDs for audio and subtitle tracks will be interesting later on so try not to forget where you got it from. For now it will tell you the longest title on the disc; usually this is the main title. Copy it to the hard disk using <code>tccat</code> from the <code>transcode</code> package:

$ tccat -i /dev/dvd -T ''<title>'',-1 > movie.mpg

While <code>tccat</code> is busy you can already perform the next steps.

$ cp ''/path/to/dvd/''VIDEO_TS/VTS_''<vts>''_0.IFO movie.ifo

This will copy the IFO file for the main title to the disc. This file contains information that is relevant for subtitle conversion. If you do not need subtitles, you can skip this. The VTS number of the main title is listed in the <code>lsdvd -x</code> output from above and is always two digits long.

$ dvdxchap -t ''<title>'' /dev/dvd > movie.chap

This will extract the chapter information from the main title into a text file. If you want and if you know the names of the chapters, you can now edit this file.

Now we have to wait until <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the main title to the hard disk. Encoding the video is the next step as it is bound to take quite some time (depending on your hardware) and the rest of the steps (except for multiplexing, of course) can be performed while the video is being encoded.

== Encode the Video ==

Encoding the video has a lot to do with voodoo. When you try to use Google to find “the best options” to encode a DVD you will find none. Or to be more precise, you will find plenty, and they will all contradict each other. There are about a millions ways to encode video; I will only outline some of them.

=== Using avidemux2 ===

Using avidemux2 gives you a nice user interface and easy selection of all relevant parameters for the encoding process. These are the settings I usually use:

* Video Codec: MPEG-4 ASP (xvid)
* Constant Quality: 5
* Some time-hungry options, such as High Motion Estimation, Wide Search for Rate Distortion Optimisation, Quarter Pixel Motion Estimation, and Global Motion Compensation. I don’t really care about how long the encoding takes, I’m interesting in the best possible picture.
* Most important: The Pixel Aspect Ratio has to be set to “as input”! This allows you to crop black borders off of the image without having to recalculate the new width and height of the image.
* Also, you do not need to set the width and height of the image. The size of the source material in combination with the Pixel Aspect Ratio will automatically take care that the final video is stretched as necessary. Not resizing the picture will also keep the quality of the video material at its maximum; it will never get better when you resize.
* Disable all audio tracks, as the input MPEG file still contains all audio tracks from the DVD and they don’t need to be encoded.

Now save the file to <code>movie.avi</code>.

=== Using mencoder ===

Using a command line tool such as <code>mencoder</code> gives you the possibility to encode on a remote machine, e.g. on your desktop machine when you’re not at home, or on a headless server somewhere in a data warehouse or your basement. Basically, the <code>mencoder</code> command line looks like this:

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4

This will use the <code>xvid</code> codec at a fixed quantizer (3), enabling a couple of quality-improving options (quarter pixels, global motion compensation, Trellis quantization, motion search algorithm), omitting all audio tracks and subtitles from the original MPEG file.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4:cartoon:interlacing:pass=1:bitrate=-307200

This will used the <code>xvid</code> codec again but tell it to optimize for interlaced cartoon material, using 2-pass encoding heading for a total amount of 307200 KiB of video stream. (You need to run this command again, substituting <code>:pass=2</code> at the appropriate place.)

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4 -vf pullup,softskip -ofps 24000/1001

This will perform an inverse telecine transformation, reducing NTSC material from 30000/1001 (aka 29.97) fps to 24000/1001 (aka 23.976) fps.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -vf crop=720:416:0:80 -ovc x264 -x264encopts crf=18:preset=veryslow:threads=1

This encodes the video with the x264 codec with a single thread and the “veryslow” preset (which is indeed very slow) and crops the video (reducing the height to 416 pixels, starting at pixel 80).

=== Using x264 ===

It is also possible to use the h.264 encoder <tt>x264</tt> directly.

$ x264 --index movie.mpg.idx --no-interlaced --crf 18 --preset veryslow --threads 2 --vf crop:0,80,0,80 -o movie.avi movie.mpg

=== Using ffmpeg ===

And last but not least there is also <tt>ffmpeg</tt>:

$ ffmpeg -probesize 3000M -analyzeduration 3000M -y -i movie.mpg -map 0:v -map 0:s -map 0:a:1 -map 0:a:0 -map 0:a:2 -map 0:a:3 -c copy -c:v libx265 -profile:v main -preset placebo -filter:v crop=y=75:h=426 -crf 10 -x265-params rd=5:max-merge=5:me=star:subme=7:hme=1:aq-mode=4 movie.mkv

This will scan the video for all kinds of available tracks (subtitle tracks are notorious for only showing up when the first subtitle is shown); <tt>-probesite</tt> is in bytes, whereas <tt>-analyzeduration</tt> is in *microseconds*. <tt>-y</tt> will overwrite any output files when encoding the input file <tt>movie.mpg</tt> (<tt>-i movie.mpg</tt>). It will use all video tracks (<tt>-map 0:v</tt>), all subtitle tracks (<tt>-map 0:s</tt>), and the first four audio tracks in the order 1, 0, 2, 3 (<tt>-map 0:a:1 -map 0:a:0 -map 0:a:2 -map 0:a:3</tt>). The default codec for all tracks is the “copy” codec (<tt>-c copy</tt>) but the video track is encoded using the x264 encoder (<tt>-c:v libx264</tt>). <tt>-crf 15</tt> tells the x265 encoder to use a Constant Rate Factor of 10. A video filter is then added for the output file: “crop=y=75:h=426” will only encode a window with the dimensions 720×426, starting at the coordinates (0,75). A bunch of x265 parameters are set to try to increate the visual quality as much as possible. The result is written to the file <tt>movie.mkv</tt>; the appropriate muxer for Matroska video is automatically selected.

== Extract Subtitle Tracks ==

After <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the movie to your hard disk you can extract the subtitle tracks. This is necessary because they have to be converted before <code>mkvmerge</code> can handle them.

$ tcextract -i movie.mpg -a 0x20 -x ps1 > movie.en.ps1

The ID of the subtitle track (here: 0x20) can be found in the output of <code>lsdvd</code>. Choose the subtitles you like and extract them one after another.

Now they have to be converted to the VobSub format:

$ subtitle2vobsub -p movie.en.ps1 -i movie.ifo -o movie.en

This will create the files <code>movie.en.sub</code> and <code>movie.en.idx</code>. Both are necessary for <code>mkvmerge</code> to do its magic.

We’re almost there.

== Mux the Final Video ==

Now all that we have created has to be put together.

$ mkvmerge -o movie.mkv --title "Movie" --chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap \
--compression 0:none movie.avi \
-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg \
--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx \
--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx

Yes, this command line needs some explaining.

;-o movie.mkv
:This is the output file that we are creating.

;--title “Movie“
:Here you can specify the title of the movie. This parameter is optional.

;--chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap
:This includes the chapter definitions from the given file and also specifies that the lanuage of the chapters file is English.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none movie.avi</nowiki>
:Includes all tracks from the given file in the output file. The “--compression 0:none” parameters tells <code>mkvmerge</code> to not use any kind of header compression. As we only stored a video track in <code>movie.avi</code> we do not need to restrict inclusion of this file. If you accidentally encoded an audio track as well, you need to specify “-A” before “movie.avi” - this will tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to not include any audio tracks.

;<nowiki>-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg</nowiki>
:These parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to include no video track (“-D”) and audio tracks 1 and 2 (“-a 1,2”) from the file <code>movie.mpg</code>. This is our source file from the DVD and thus contains the MPEG-2 video stream that we reencoded earlier, as well as the original AC3 audio tracks that we are interested in. Note that the audio tracks are tracks 1 and 2 because track 0 in the file <code>movie.mpg</code> is the video track! Use “<code>mkvmerge --identify movie.mpg</code>” to list all tracks that <code>mkvmerge</code> recognizes. Also, these parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> that audio track 1 is English, and audio track 2 is German. If you want to include more than two audio tracks you need to repeat the respective parameters for all additional audio tracks.
:If you are muxing a video file that consists of an AVC/h.264 stream you need to specify the duration of a frame because the stream itself does not contain that information; <code>mkvmerge</code> assumes a default of 25 FPS.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx</nowiki>
:This includes all tracks from the <code>movie.en.idx</code> file which is a single subtitle track in the English language. The “--default-track 0:0” specifies that the included track with the index 0 (i.e. the only subtitle track in the file) is not a default track. This needs to be specified for all subtitles unless you really want to show a certain subtitle as default when a movie starts. This can be used to include forced subtitles for additional foreign languages spoken in a movie, e.g. the Na’vi language in “Avatar”, or Elfish in “The Lord of the Rings.”

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx</nowiki>
:Includes the German subtitles.

Voilá, <code>movie.mkv</code> now contains your movie, all audio tracks, and all subtitle tracks that you want to be in there.

Ripping and Encoding DVDs

2025-11-29T20:20:26Z

Bombe: /* Using ffmpeg */ Change avconv to ffmpeg, and update some options for 2025

[[Category:Encoding]]
[[Category:Ripping]]
[[Category:DVD]]
This page describes in large detail how to create near perfect DVD rips. “Near perfect” in this context means that the video quality is nearly indistinguishable from the DVD video, and all audio tracks contained in the movie are the AC3 tracks that are contained in the DVD without any reencoding whatsoever.

This page was written ages ago; most of the tools mentioned here probably still exist for Linux (and maybe other systems).

== Copy the Disc and Decrypt It ==

$ dvdbackup -M -n foo -i /dev/disk123

Obviously, replace *foo* with a short name for the disc you’re trying to rip, and `/dev/disk123` with the actual device name of your DVD drive.

This will create a decrypted version of the complete disc on your harddrive, in a directory named `foo`.

== Copy the Main Title from the DVD ==

First, we need to find out which title is the main title. I recommend storing the output of <code>lsdvd</code>, too, so that you can look at it later, e. g. for subtitle stream IDs, or other technical information.

$ lsdvd -x /dev/dvd > movie.txt

Instead of <code>/dev/dvd</code> you can also use the name of the directory created in the previous stop.

$ lsdvd -x foo > movie.txt

<code>lsdvd</code> can tell you a lot of things about the DVD in question. Especially the track IDs for audio and subtitle tracks will be interesting later on so try not to forget where you got it from. For now it will tell you the longest title on the disc; usually this is the main title. Copy it to the hard disk using <code>tccat</code> from the <code>transcode</code> package:

$ tccat -i /dev/dvd -T ''<title>'',-1 > movie.mpg

While <code>tccat</code> is busy you can already perform the next steps.

$ cp ''/path/to/dvd/''VIDEO_TS/VTS_''<vts>''_0.IFO movie.ifo

This will copy the IFO file for the main title to the disc. This file contains information that is relevant for subtitle conversion. If you do not need subtitles, you can skip this. The VTS number of the main title is listed in the <code>lsdvd -x</code> output from above and is always two digits long.

$ dvdxchap -t ''<title>'' /dev/dvd > movie.chap

This will extract the chapter information from the main title into a text file. If you want and if you know the names of the chapters, you can now edit this file.

Now we have to wait until <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the main title to the hard disk. Encoding the video is the next step as it is bound to take quite some time (depending on your hardware) and the rest of the steps (except for multiplexing, of course) can be performed while the video is being encoded.

== Encode the Video ==

Encoding the video has a lot to do with voodoo. When you try to use Google to find “the best options” to encode a DVD you will find none. Or to be more precise, you will find plenty, and they will all contradict each other. There are about a millions ways to encode video; I will only outline some of them.

=== Using avidemux2 ===

Using avidemux2 gives you a nice user interface and easy selection of all relevant parameters for the encoding process. These are the settings I usually use:

* Video Codec: MPEG-4 ASP (xvid)
* Constant Quality: 5
* Some time-hungry options, such as High Motion Estimation, Wide Search for Rate Distortion Optimisation, Quarter Pixel Motion Estimation, and Global Motion Compensation. I don’t really care about how long the encoding takes, I’m interesting in the best possible picture.
* Most important: The Pixel Aspect Ratio has to be set to “as input”! This allows you to crop black borders off of the image without having to recalculate the new width and height of the image.
* Also, you do not need to set the width and height of the image. The size of the source material in combination with the Pixel Aspect Ratio will automatically take care that the final video is stretched as necessary. Not resizing the picture will also keep the quality of the video material at its maximum; it will never get better when you resize.
* Disable all audio tracks, as the input MPEG file still contains all audio tracks from the DVD and they don’t need to be encoded.

Now save the file to <code>movie.avi</code>.

=== Using mencoder ===

Using a command line tool such as <code>mencoder</code> gives you the possibility to encode on a remote machine, e.g. on your desktop machine when you’re not at home, or on a headless server somewhere in a data warehouse or your basement. Basically, the <code>mencoder</code> command line looks like this:

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4

This will use the <code>xvid</code> codec at a fixed quantizer (3), enabling a couple of quality-improving options (quarter pixels, global motion compensation, Trellis quantization, motion search algorithm), omitting all audio tracks and subtitles from the original MPEG file.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4:cartoon:interlacing:pass=1:bitrate=-307200

This will used the <code>xvid</code> codec again but tell it to optimize for interlaced cartoon material, using 2-pass encoding heading for a total amount of 307200 KiB of video stream. (You need to run this command again, substituting <code>:pass=2</code> at the appropriate place.)

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4 -vf pullup,softskip -ofps 24000/1001

This will perform an inverse telecine transformation, reducing NTSC material from 30000/1001 (aka 29.97) fps to 24000/1001 (aka 23.976) fps.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -vf crop=720:416:0:80 -ovc x264 -x264encopts crf=18:preset=veryslow:threads=1

This encodes the video with the x264 codec with a single thread and the “veryslow” preset (which is indeed very slow) and crops the video (reducing the height to 416 pixels, starting at pixel 80).

=== Using x264 ===

It is also possible to use the h.264 encoder <tt>x264</tt> directly.

$ x264 --index movie.mpg.idx --no-interlaced --crf 18 --preset veryslow --threads 2 --vf crop:0,80,0,80 -o movie.avi movie.mpg

=== Using ffmpeg ===

And last but not least there is also <tt>ffmpeg</tt>:

$ ffmpeg -y -i movie.mpg -map 0:v -map 0:s -map 0:a:1 -map 0:a:0 -map 0:a:2 -map 0:a:3 -c copy -c:v libx265 -crf 10 -preset placebo -vf crop=y=75:h=426 movie.mkv

This will overwrite any output files (<tt>-y</tt>) when encoding the input file <tt>movie.mpg</tt> (<tt>-i movie.mpg</tt>). It will use all video tracks (<tt>-map 0:v</tt>), all subtitle tracks (<tt>-map 0:s</tt>), and the first four audio tracks in the order 1, 0, 2, 3 (<tt>-map 0:a:1 -map 0:a:0 -map 0:a:2 -map 0:a:3</tt>). The default codec for all tracks is the “copy” codec (<tt>-c copy</tt>) but the video track is encoded using the x264 encoder (<tt>-c:v libx264</tt>). <tt>-crf 15</tt> tells the x265 encoder to use a Constant Rate Factor of 10. A video filter is then added for the output file: “crop=y=75:h=426” will only encode a window with the dimensions 720×426, starting at the coordinates (0,75). The result is written to the file <tt>movie.mkv</tt>; the appropriate muxer for Matroska video is automatically selected.

== Extract Subtitle Tracks ==

After <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the movie to your hard disk you can extract the subtitle tracks. This is necessary because they have to be converted before <code>mkvmerge</code> can handle them.

$ tcextract -i movie.mpg -a 0x20 -x ps1 > movie.en.ps1

The ID of the subtitle track (here: 0x20) can be found in the output of <code>lsdvd</code>. Choose the subtitles you like and extract them one after another.

Now they have to be converted to the VobSub format:

$ subtitle2vobsub -p movie.en.ps1 -i movie.ifo -o movie.en

This will create the files <code>movie.en.sub</code> and <code>movie.en.idx</code>. Both are necessary for <code>mkvmerge</code> to do its magic.

We’re almost there.

== Mux the Final Video ==

Now all that we have created has to be put together.

$ mkvmerge -o movie.mkv --title "Movie" --chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap \
--compression 0:none movie.avi \
-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg \
--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx \
--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx

Yes, this command line needs some explaining.

;-o movie.mkv
:This is the output file that we are creating.

;--title “Movie“
:Here you can specify the title of the movie. This parameter is optional.

;--chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap
:This includes the chapter definitions from the given file and also specifies that the lanuage of the chapters file is English.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none movie.avi</nowiki>
:Includes all tracks from the given file in the output file. The “--compression 0:none” parameters tells <code>mkvmerge</code> to not use any kind of header compression. As we only stored a video track in <code>movie.avi</code> we do not need to restrict inclusion of this file. If you accidentally encoded an audio track as well, you need to specify “-A” before “movie.avi” - this will tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to not include any audio tracks.

;<nowiki>-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg</nowiki>
:These parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to include no video track (“-D”) and audio tracks 1 and 2 (“-a 1,2”) from the file <code>movie.mpg</code>. This is our source file from the DVD and thus contains the MPEG-2 video stream that we reencoded earlier, as well as the original AC3 audio tracks that we are interested in. Note that the audio tracks are tracks 1 and 2 because track 0 in the file <code>movie.mpg</code> is the video track! Use “<code>mkvmerge --identify movie.mpg</code>” to list all tracks that <code>mkvmerge</code> recognizes. Also, these parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> that audio track 1 is English, and audio track 2 is German. If you want to include more than two audio tracks you need to repeat the respective parameters for all additional audio tracks.
:If you are muxing a video file that consists of an AVC/h.264 stream you need to specify the duration of a frame because the stream itself does not contain that information; <code>mkvmerge</code> assumes a default of 25 FPS.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx</nowiki>
:This includes all tracks from the <code>movie.en.idx</code> file which is a single subtitle track in the English language. The “--default-track 0:0” specifies that the included track with the index 0 (i.e. the only subtitle track in the file) is not a default track. This needs to be specified for all subtitles unless you really want to show a certain subtitle as default when a movie starts. This can be used to include forced subtitles for additional foreign languages spoken in a movie, e.g. the Na’vi language in “Avatar”, or Elfish in “The Lord of the Rings.”

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx</nowiki>
:Includes the German subtitles.

Voilá, <code>movie.mkv</code> now contains your movie, all audio tracks, and all subtitle tracks that you want to be in there.

Changing Matroska Properties

2025-11-23T21:37:17Z

Bombe: Add how to set a language

Matroska files can have a buttload of internal flags and options, and editing them is actually quite simple.

== General ==

For all commands here you need to know which track number you want to work on. That track number is ''n''.

# mkvinfo file.mkv

== Disabling a Track ==

This is useful if you have a file with more than one audio track, and the player picks the wrong audio track.

# mkvpropedit file.mkv -e track:''n'' -s flag-enabled=0

== Changing the Default Flag ==

This is useful if you want to turn on a certain subtitle language by default, or you want to change the default language of a file.

''n'' is the number of the track you want to set as default, ''o'' is the number of another track of the same type (audio or subtitle) whose default flag you want to clear. If there is more than one other default track you need to repeat the last section (starting from the ''-e'' flag).

# mkvpropedit file.mkv -e track:''n'' -s flag-default=1 -e track:''o'' -s flag-default=0 […]

== Setting a Language ==

# mkvpropedit file.mkv -e track:''n'' -s language=en

Main Page

2025-09-27T16:31:40Z

Bombe: /* Media */

Contents of this wiki:

== Media ==

* [[Ripping and Encoding DVDs]]
* [[Encoding DJ Mixes]]
* [[Changing Matroska Properties]]

=== Photography ===

* [[Capture Images]]

== Styling ==

* [[Quassel Stylesheet]]

== Security ==

* [[Creating Certificates]]
* [[Mounting Encrypted Home Directories]]
* [[Using GPG on a remote shell]]
* [[Miscellaneous Openssl Magic|Miscellaneous <tt>openssl</tt> magic]]

== Programming ==

* [[Deploying Single Files with Maven]]
* [[Verifying Header Comments]]

== Media ==

* [[Streaming from PulseAudio Device to Icecast Server]]
* [[Changing Default Flags in Matroska Files]]

== Administration ==

* [[Fixing USB Keyboard Type]]

Changing Default Flags in Matroska Files

2025-09-27T16:31:34Z

Bombe: Created page with "Sets the second audio track as the default audio track, removing the default flag from the first audio track. mkvpropedit some-file.mkv --edit track:a1 --set flag-default=0..."

Sets the second audio track as the default audio track, removing the default flag from the first audio track.

mkvpropedit some-file.mkv --edit track:a1 --set flag-default=0 --edit track:a2 --set flag-default=1

Ripping and Encoding DVDs

2025-08-22T13:20:01Z

Bombe: Add decryption step

[[Category:Encoding]]
[[Category:Ripping]]
[[Category:DVD]]
This page describes in large detail how to create near perfect DVD rips. “Near perfect” in this context means that the video quality is nearly indistinguishable from the DVD video, and all audio tracks contained in the movie are the AC3 tracks that are contained in the DVD without any reencoding whatsoever.

This page was written ages ago; most of the tools mentioned here probably still exist for Linux (and maybe other systems).

== Copy the Disc and Decrypt It ==

$ dvdbackup -M -n foo -i /dev/disk123

Obviously, replace *foo* with a short name for the disc you’re trying to rip, and `/dev/disk123` with the actual device name of your DVD drive.

This will create a decrypted version of the complete disc on your harddrive, in a directory named `foo`.

== Copy the Main Title from the DVD ==

First, we need to find out which title is the main title. I recommend storing the output of <code>lsdvd</code>, too, so that you can look at it later, e. g. for subtitle stream IDs, or other technical information.

$ lsdvd -x /dev/dvd > movie.txt

Instead of <code>/dev/dvd</code> you can also use the name of the directory created in the previous stop.

$ lsdvd -x foo > movie.txt

<code>lsdvd</code> can tell you a lot of things about the DVD in question. Especially the track IDs for audio and subtitle tracks will be interesting later on so try not to forget where you got it from. For now it will tell you the longest title on the disc; usually this is the main title. Copy it to the hard disk using <code>tccat</code> from the <code>transcode</code> package:

$ tccat -i /dev/dvd -T ''<title>'',-1 > movie.mpg

While <code>tccat</code> is busy you can already perform the next steps.

$ cp ''/path/to/dvd/''VIDEO_TS/VTS_''<vts>''_0.IFO movie.ifo

This will copy the IFO file for the main title to the disc. This file contains information that is relevant for subtitle conversion. If you do not need subtitles, you can skip this. The VTS number of the main title is listed in the <code>lsdvd -x</code> output from above and is always two digits long.

$ dvdxchap -t ''<title>'' /dev/dvd > movie.chap

This will extract the chapter information from the main title into a text file. If you want and if you know the names of the chapters, you can now edit this file.

Now we have to wait until <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the main title to the hard disk. Encoding the video is the next step as it is bound to take quite some time (depending on your hardware) and the rest of the steps (except for multiplexing, of course) can be performed while the video is being encoded.

== Encode the Video ==

Encoding the video has a lot to do with voodoo. When you try to use Google to find “the best options” to encode a DVD you will find none. Or to be more precise, you will find plenty, and they will all contradict each other. There are about a millions ways to encode video; I will only outline some of them.

=== Using avidemux2 ===

Using avidemux2 gives you a nice user interface and easy selection of all relevant parameters for the encoding process. These are the settings I usually use:

* Video Codec: MPEG-4 ASP (xvid)
* Constant Quality: 5
* Some time-hungry options, such as High Motion Estimation, Wide Search for Rate Distortion Optimisation, Quarter Pixel Motion Estimation, and Global Motion Compensation. I don’t really care about how long the encoding takes, I’m interesting in the best possible picture.
* Most important: The Pixel Aspect Ratio has to be set to “as input”! This allows you to crop black borders off of the image without having to recalculate the new width and height of the image.
* Also, you do not need to set the width and height of the image. The size of the source material in combination with the Pixel Aspect Ratio will automatically take care that the final video is stretched as necessary. Not resizing the picture will also keep the quality of the video material at its maximum; it will never get better when you resize.
* Disable all audio tracks, as the input MPEG file still contains all audio tracks from the DVD and they don’t need to be encoded.

Now save the file to <code>movie.avi</code>.

=== Using mencoder ===

Using a command line tool such as <code>mencoder</code> gives you the possibility to encode on a remote machine, e.g. on your desktop machine when you’re not at home, or on a headless server somewhere in a data warehouse or your basement. Basically, the <code>mencoder</code> command line looks like this:

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4

This will use the <code>xvid</code> codec at a fixed quantizer (3), enabling a couple of quality-improving options (quarter pixels, global motion compensation, Trellis quantization, motion search algorithm), omitting all audio tracks and subtitles from the original MPEG file.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4:cartoon:interlacing:pass=1:bitrate=-307200

This will used the <code>xvid</code> codec again but tell it to optimize for interlaced cartoon material, using 2-pass encoding heading for a total amount of 307200 KiB of video stream. (You need to run this command again, substituting <code>:pass=2</code> at the appropriate place.)

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4 -vf pullup,softskip -ofps 24000/1001

This will perform an inverse telecine transformation, reducing NTSC material from 30000/1001 (aka 29.97) fps to 24000/1001 (aka 23.976) fps.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -vf crop=720:416:0:80 -ovc x264 -x264encopts crf=18:preset=veryslow:threads=1

This encodes the video with the x264 codec with a single thread and the “veryslow” preset (which is indeed very slow) and crops the video (reducing the height to 416 pixels, starting at pixel 80).

=== Using x264 ===

It is also possible to use the h.264 encoder <tt>x264</tt> directly.

$ x264 --index movie.mpg.idx --no-interlaced --crf 18 --preset veryslow --threads 2 --vf crop:0,80,0,80 -o movie.avi movie.mpg

=== Using avconv ===

And last but not least there is also <tt>avconv</tt> (formerly knows as <tt>ffmpeg</tt>):

$ avconv -y -i movie.mpg -map 0:v -map 0:s -map 0:a:1 -map 0:a:0 -map 0:a:2 -map 0:a:3 -c copy -c:v libx264 -crf 15 -trellis 1 -tune animation -vf yadif,crop=704:560:10:6 movie.mkv

This will overwrite any output files (<tt>-y</tt>) when encoding the input file <tt>movie.mpg</tt> (<tt>-i movie.mpg</tt>). It will use all video tracks (<tt>-map 0:v</tt>), all subtitle tracks (<tt>-map 0:s</tt>), and the first four audio tracks in the order 1, 0, 2, 3 (<tt>-map 0:a:1 -map 0:a:0 -map 0:a:2 -map 0:a:3</tt>). The default codec for all tracks is the “copy” codec (<tt>-c copy</tt>) but the video track is encoded using the x264 encoder (<tt>-c:v libx264</tt>). <tt>-crf 15</tt> tells the x264 encoder to use a Constant Rate Factor of 15, <tt>-trellis 1</tt> activates Trellis optimization, <tt>-tune animation</tt> tunes the encoder setting for animated content. Two video filters are then added for the output file: “yadif” is a deinterlacing filter with very good results, and “crop=704:560:10:6” will only encode a window with the dimensions 704×560, starting at the coordinates (10,6). The result is written to the file <tt>movie.mkv</tt>; the appropriate muxer for Matroska video is automatically selected.

== Extract Subtitle Tracks ==

After <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the movie to your hard disk you can extract the subtitle tracks. This is necessary because they have to be converted before <code>mkvmerge</code> can handle them.

$ tcextract -i movie.mpg -a 0x20 -x ps1 > movie.en.ps1

The ID of the subtitle track (here: 0x20) can be found in the output of <code>lsdvd</code>. Choose the subtitles you like and extract them one after another.

Now they have to be converted to the VobSub format:

$ subtitle2vobsub -p movie.en.ps1 -i movie.ifo -o movie.en

This will create the files <code>movie.en.sub</code> and <code>movie.en.idx</code>. Both are necessary for <code>mkvmerge</code> to do its magic.

We’re almost there.

== Mux the Final Video ==

Now all that we have created has to be put together.

$ mkvmerge -o movie.mkv --title "Movie" --chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap \
--compression 0:none movie.avi \
-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg \
--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx \
--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx

Yes, this command line needs some explaining.

;-o movie.mkv
:This is the output file that we are creating.

;--title “Movie“
:Here you can specify the title of the movie. This parameter is optional.

;--chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap
:This includes the chapter definitions from the given file and also specifies that the lanuage of the chapters file is English.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none movie.avi</nowiki>
:Includes all tracks from the given file in the output file. The “--compression 0:none” parameters tells <code>mkvmerge</code> to not use any kind of header compression. As we only stored a video track in <code>movie.avi</code> we do not need to restrict inclusion of this file. If you accidentally encoded an audio track as well, you need to specify “-A” before “movie.avi” - this will tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to not include any audio tracks.

;<nowiki>-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg</nowiki>
:These parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to include no video track (“-D”) and audio tracks 1 and 2 (“-a 1,2”) from the file <code>movie.mpg</code>. This is our source file from the DVD and thus contains the MPEG-2 video stream that we reencoded earlier, as well as the original AC3 audio tracks that we are interested in. Note that the audio tracks are tracks 1 and 2 because track 0 in the file <code>movie.mpg</code> is the video track! Use “<code>mkvmerge --identify movie.mpg</code>” to list all tracks that <code>mkvmerge</code> recognizes. Also, these parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> that audio track 1 is English, and audio track 2 is German. If you want to include more than two audio tracks you need to repeat the respective parameters for all additional audio tracks.
:If you are muxing a video file that consists of an AVC/h.264 stream you need to specify the duration of a frame because the stream itself does not contain that information; <code>mkvmerge</code> assumes a default of 25 FPS.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx</nowiki>
:This includes all tracks from the <code>movie.en.idx</code> file which is a single subtitle track in the English language. The “--default-track 0:0” specifies that the included track with the index 0 (i.e. the only subtitle track in the file) is not a default track. This needs to be specified for all subtitles unless you really want to show a certain subtitle as default when a movie starts. This can be used to include forced subtitles for additional foreign languages spoken in a movie, e.g. the Na’vi language in “Avatar”, or Elfish in “The Lord of the Rings.”

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx</nowiki>
:Includes the German subtitles.

Voilá, <code>movie.mkv</code> now contains your movie, all audio tracks, and all subtitle tracks that you want to be in there.

Deploying Single Files with Maven

2025-03-01T20:30:48Z

Bombe: Include pomFile parameter in deploy-file call

In order to deploy single files that are not controlled by Maven, you need the <tt>deploy:deploy-file</tt> goal.

# mvn -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version'' -DrepositoryId=''repositoryId'' -Dsources=''source.jar'' -Durl=scpexe://''host''/''path'' -DpomFile=pom.xml deploy:deploy-file



The repository ID is necessary in case you have authentication information defined for your repository. You might additionally also need the following in your <code>pom.xml</code>:

<project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>''groupId''</groupId>
<artifactId>''artifactId''</artifactId>
<version>''version''</version>
<build>
<extensions>
<extension>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId>
<artifactId>wagon-ssh-external</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</extension>
</extensions>
</build>
</project>

And most definitely ''should'' you add a <code>pom.xml</code> in order to declare dependencies of the file you are deploying.

To install a file only locally, use:

# mvn install:install-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version''

To additionally install the sources for a JAR file, use:

# mvn install:install-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version'' -Dclassifier=sources

[http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-install-plugin/install-file-mojo.html Other userful options] include <tt>localRepositoryPath</tt>.
[[Category:Programming]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Maven]]

Deploying Single Files with Maven

2024-10-02T09:46:55Z

Bombe: Add hint about adding dependencies to a pom.xml for the file being deployed

In order to deploy single files that are not controlled by Maven, you need the <tt>deploy:deploy-file</tt> goal.

# mvn -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version'' -DrepositoryId=''repositoryId'' -Dsources=''source.jar'' -Durl=scpexe://''host''/''path'' deploy:deploy-file

The repository ID is necessary in case you have authentication information defined for your repository. You might additionally also need the following in your <code>pom.xml</code>:

<project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>''groupId''</groupId>
<artifactId>''artifactId''</artifactId>
<version>''version''</version>
<build>
<extensions>
<extension>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId>
<artifactId>wagon-ssh-external</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</extension>
</extensions>
</build>
</project>

And most definitely ''should'' you add a <code>pom.xml</code> in order to declare dependencies of the file you are deploying.

To install a file only locally, use:

# mvn install:install-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version''

To additionally install the sources for a JAR file, use:

# mvn install:install-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version'' -Dclassifier=sources

[http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-install-plugin/install-file-mojo.html Other userful options] include <tt>localRepositoryPath</tt>.
[[Category:Programming]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Maven]]

Fixing USB Keyboard Type

2024-02-26T08:36:35Z

Bombe: Where the fuck did I get that JSON listing from?! Anyway, show XML export.

First, export the current keyboard settings:

# defaults export /Library/Preferences/com.apple.keyboardtype - > keyboardtype

Then, find USB vendor and product ID of your keyboard:

# lsusb
Bus 000 Device 001: ID 0bda:2172 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. BillBoard Device Serial: 00000000000000000
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 2109:0822 VIA Labs, Inc. USB3.1 Hub Serial: 000000001
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 05e3:0626 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB3.1 Hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0b95:1790 ASIX Electronics Corporation AX88179A Serial: 00000000000001
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 2537:1081 2537 NS1081 Serial: 0123456789ABCDE
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 2109:2822 VIA Labs, Inc. USB2.0 Hub Serial: 000000001
Bus 001 Device 008: ID 0bda:8152 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. USB 10/100 LAN Serial: 00E04C36001A
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 14cd:8601 MOAI ELECTRONICS CORPORATION USB 2.0 Hub
Bus 001 Device 009: ID 05e3:0610 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB2.1 Hub
Bus 001 Device 012: ID 25a7:fa61 25a7 2.4G Receiver
Bus 001 Device 011: ID 04d9:a1dd Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. USB-HID Keyboard
Bus 001 Device 010: ID 0bda:0567 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. WEB CAMERA M9 Pro Serial: 200901010001
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 291a:8388 291a Anker USB-C Hub Device Serial: 0000000000000001
Bus 000 Device 000: ID 0bda:2172 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. USB 3.1 Bus
Bus 000 Device 000: ID 2109:0822 VIA Labs, Inc. USB 3.1 Bus

The keyboard is the USB device <code>04d9:a1dd</code>. Convert the two IDs to decimal numbers; the product ID is 41437, and the vendor ID is 1241.

Now, open the <code>keyboardtype</code> file, and look for entry that has your product and vendor ID in decimal:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>keyboardtype</key>
<dict>
<key>34053-16700-0</key>
<integer>41</integer>
<key>400-9610-0</key>
<integer>41</integer>
<key>41437-1241-0</key>
<integer>41</integer>
<key>50475-1133-0</key>
<integer>41</integer>
<key>64097-9639-0</key>
<integer>41</integer>
</dict>
</dict>
</plist>

The number represents the type of keyboard (41 is ISO). Change the number to the type you want the keyboard to be.

Import the changed file back:

# sudo defaults import /Library/Preferences/com.apple.keyboardtype - < keyboardtype

Now unplug the keyboard and plug it back in.

Fixing USB Keyboard Type

2024-02-26T08:34:04Z

Bombe: Fix command to get XML export

First, export the current keyboard settings:

# defaults export /Library/Preferences/com.apple.keyboardtype - > keyboardtype

Then, find USB vendor and product ID of your keyboard:

# lsusb
Bus 000 Device 001: ID 0bda:2172 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. BillBoard Device Serial: 00000000000000000
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 2109:0822 VIA Labs, Inc. USB3.1 Hub Serial: 000000001
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 05e3:0626 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB3.1 Hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0b95:1790 ASIX Electronics Corporation AX88179A Serial: 00000000000001
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 2537:1081 2537 NS1081 Serial: 0123456789ABCDE
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 2109:2822 VIA Labs, Inc. USB2.0 Hub Serial: 000000001
Bus 001 Device 008: ID 0bda:8152 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. USB 10/100 LAN Serial: 00E04C36001A
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 14cd:8601 MOAI ELECTRONICS CORPORATION USB 2.0 Hub
Bus 001 Device 009: ID 05e3:0610 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB2.1 Hub
Bus 001 Device 012: ID 25a7:fa61 25a7 2.4G Receiver
Bus 001 Device 011: ID 04d9:a1dd Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. USB-HID Keyboard
Bus 001 Device 010: ID 0bda:0567 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. WEB CAMERA M9 Pro Serial: 200901010001
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 291a:8388 291a Anker USB-C Hub Device Serial: 0000000000000001
Bus 000 Device 000: ID 0bda:2172 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. USB 3.1 Bus
Bus 000 Device 000: ID 2109:0822 VIA Labs, Inc. USB 3.1 Bus

The keyboard is the USB device <code>04d9:a1dd</code>. Convert the two IDs to decimal numbers; the product ID is 41437, and the vendor ID is 1241.

Now, open the <code>keyboardtype</code> file, and look for entry that has your product and vendor ID in decimal:

{
"41254-1241-0" = 40;
"41437-1241-0" = 43;
"41521-1241-0" = 41;
"48879-65261-0" = 40;
"50475-1133-0" = 41;
"61453-65261-0" = 40;
"64097-9639-0" = 43;
"754-5215-0" = 43;
"763-5215-0" = 43;
}

The number represents the type of keyboard (41 is ISO). Change the number to the type you want the keyboard to be.

Import the changed file back:

# sudo defaults import /Library/Preferences/com.apple.keyboardtype - < keyboardtype

Now unplug the keyboard and plug it back in.

Fixing USB Keyboard Type

2024-02-09T18:11:57Z

Bombe: Created page with "First, export the current keyboard settings: # defaults export /Library/Preferences/com.apple.keyboardtype keyboardtype Then, find USB vendor and product ID of your keyboar..."

First, export the current keyboard settings:

# defaults export /Library/Preferences/com.apple.keyboardtype keyboardtype

Then, find USB vendor and product ID of your keyboard:

# lsusb
Bus 000 Device 001: ID 0bda:2172 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. BillBoard Device Serial: 00000000000000000
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 2109:0822 VIA Labs, Inc. USB3.1 Hub Serial: 000000001
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 05e3:0626 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB3.1 Hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0b95:1790 ASIX Electronics Corporation AX88179A Serial: 00000000000001
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 2537:1081 2537 NS1081 Serial: 0123456789ABCDE
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 2109:2822 VIA Labs, Inc. USB2.0 Hub Serial: 000000001
Bus 001 Device 008: ID 0bda:8152 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. USB 10/100 LAN Serial: 00E04C36001A
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 14cd:8601 MOAI ELECTRONICS CORPORATION USB 2.0 Hub
Bus 001 Device 009: ID 05e3:0610 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB2.1 Hub
Bus 001 Device 012: ID 25a7:fa61 25a7 2.4G Receiver
Bus 001 Device 011: ID 04d9:a1dd Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. USB-HID Keyboard
Bus 001 Device 010: ID 0bda:0567 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. WEB CAMERA M9 Pro Serial: 200901010001
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 291a:8388 291a Anker USB-C Hub Device Serial: 0000000000000001
Bus 000 Device 000: ID 0bda:2172 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. USB 3.1 Bus
Bus 000 Device 000: ID 2109:0822 VIA Labs, Inc. USB 3.1 Bus

The keyboard is the USB device <code>04d9:a1dd</code>. Convert the two IDs to decimal numbers; the product ID is 41437, and the vendor ID is 1241.

Now, open the <code>keyboardtype</code> file, and look for entry that has your product and vendor ID in decimal:

{
"41254-1241-0" = 40;
"41437-1241-0" = 43;
"41521-1241-0" = 41;
"48879-65261-0" = 40;
"50475-1133-0" = 41;
"61453-65261-0" = 40;
"64097-9639-0" = 43;
"754-5215-0" = 43;
"763-5215-0" = 43;
}

The number represents the type of keyboard (41 is ISO). Change the number to the type you want the keyboard to be.

Import the changed file back:

# sudo defaults import /Library/Preferences/com.apple.keyboardtype - < keyboardtype

Now unplug the keyboard and plug it back in.

Main Page

2024-02-09T16:26:39Z

Bombe:

Contents of this wiki:

== Media ==

* [[Ripping and Encoding DVDs]]
* [[Encoding DJ Mixes]]
* [[Changing Matroska Properties]]

=== Photography ===

* [[Capture Images]]

== Styling ==

* [[Quassel Stylesheet]]

== Security ==

* [[Creating Certificates]]
* [[Mounting Encrypted Home Directories]]
* [[Using GPG on a remote shell]]
* [[Miscellaneous Openssl Magic|Miscellaneous <tt>openssl</tt> magic]]

== Programming ==

* [[Deploying Single Files with Maven]]
* [[Verifying Header Comments]]

== Media ==

* [[Streaming from PulseAudio Device to Icecast Server]]

== Administration ==

* [[Fixing USB Keyboard Type]]

Deploying Single Files with Maven

2021-05-21T09:11:39Z

Bombe: Add hints about other options, such as the path to the local repository.

In order to deploy single files that are not controlled by Maven, you need the <tt>deploy:deploy-file</tt> goal.

# mvn -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version'' -DrepositoryId=''repositoryId'' -Dsources=''source.jar'' -Durl=scpexe://''host''/''path'' deploy:deploy-file

The repository ID is necessary in case you have authentication information defined for your repository. You might additionally also need the following in your <code>pom.xml</code>:

<project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>''groupId''</groupId>
<artifactId>''artifactId''</artifactId>
<version>''version''</version>
<build>
<extensions>
<extension>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId>
<artifactId>wagon-ssh-external</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</extension>
</extensions>
</build>
</project>

To install a file only locally, use:

# mvn install:install-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version''

To additionally install the sources for a JAR file, use:

# mvn install:install-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version'' -Dclassifier=sources

[http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-install-plugin/install-file-mojo.html Other userful options] include <tt>localRepositoryPath</tt>.
[[Category:Programming]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Maven]]

Main Page

2020-09-20T10:07:37Z

Bombe: /* Security */

Miscellaneous Openssl Magic

2020-09-20T10:07:27Z

Bombe: Created page with "== Check expiration date of your webserver’s SSL certificate == # openssl s_client -connect your.web.server:443|openssl x509 -text -noout"

== Check expiration date of your webserver’s SSL certificate ==

# openssl s_client -connect your.web.server:443|openssl x509 -text -noout

Main Page

2019-09-15T16:21:49Z

Bombe:

Contents of this wiki:

== Media ==

* [[Ripping and Encoding DVDs]]
* [[Encoding DJ Mixes]]
* [[Changing Matroska Properties]]

=== Photography ===

* [[Capture Images]]

== Styling ==

* [[Quassel Stylesheet]]

== Security ==

* [[Creating Certificates]]
* [[Mounting Encrypted Home Directories]]
* [[Using GPG on a remote shell]]

== Programming ==

* [[Deploying Single Files with Maven]]
* [[Verifying Header Comments]]

== Media ==

* [[Streaming from PulseAudio Device to Icecast Server]]

Streaming from PulseAudio Device to Icecast Server

2019-09-15T16:21:33Z

Bombe: Created page with " $ gst-launch-1.0 pulsesrc device="${DEVICE}" ! audioconvert ! audio/x-raw,rate=44100,channels=2,format=S16LE ! lamemp3enc bitrate=320 ! shout2send ip="${HOST}" port="${POR..."

$ gst-launch-1.0 pulsesrc device="${DEVICE}" ! audioconvert ! audio/x-raw,rate=44100,channels=2,format=S16LE ! lamemp3enc bitrate=320 ! shout2send ip="${HOST}" port="${PORT}" password="${PASSWORD}" mount="${MOUNT}.mp3" description="${DESCRIPTION}" streamname="${NAME}"

Main Page

2019-09-04T19:52:13Z

Bombe:

Main Page

2019-09-02T05:13:06Z

Bombe:

Contents of this wiki:

== Media ==

* [[Ripping and Encoding DVDs]]
* [[Encoding DJ Mixes]]
* [[Changing Matroska Properties]]

=== Photography ===

* [[Capture Images]]

== Styling ==

* [[Quassel Stylesheet]]

== Security ==

* [[Creating Certificates]]
* [[Mounting Encrypted Home Directories]]
* [[Using GPG on a remote shell]]

== Programming ==

* [[Deploying Single Files with Maven]]
* [[Verifying Header Comments]]
* [[Manually Specify Qt Installation Path on cmake Invocation]]

Verifying Header Comments

2019-02-22T23:18:03Z

Bombe: Adjust for Kotlin source files

A normal Java source file (in my projects) consists of a header like the following one:

<pre>
/*
* FreenetSone - EditImagePage.java - Copyright © 2010–2012 David Roden
*
…
</pre>

It should contain the name of the project and the name of the file. Sometimes, due to refactoring or copy/paste, the filename in the header does not match the name of the file in question. The following bash script will locate those files:

# grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep -E "\.(java|kt):" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; c="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f2 | cut -d' ' -f2)"; f2="$(basename "$f")"; [ "$c" != "$f2" ] && echo "$f: $c"; done

And sometimes you even changed the name of the project at some point in the past. Use the following oneliner to find those files that have a different project name than the one you substitute at the end of the command:

# grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep -E "\.(java|kt):" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; project="$(echo "$line" | cut -d' ' -f3)"; [ $project != "''Sone''" ] && echo "$f: $project"; done

And then there’s the ever-occuring issue with the years in the copyright line. Use this to find files that don’t have the current year as last year in the copyright line.

# cy=$(date +%Y); grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep -E "\.(java|kt):" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; v="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f3 | cut -d' ' -f4)"; y="${v:(-4)}"; if [ "$y" != "$cy" ]; then echo "$f: $y"; fi; done

To update all files that need updating:

# cy=$(date +%Y); sed -i "" -E -e 's,^( \* .*Copyright © )(<nowiki>[[:digit:]]</nowiki>{4})(–<nowiki>[[:digit:]]</nowiki>{4})?(.*)$,\1\2–'$cy'\4,' -- $(grep -r "Copyright" src | grep -E "\.(java|kt):" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; v="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f3 | cut -d' ' -f4)"; y="${v:(-4)}"; if [ "$y" != "$cy" ]; then echo "$f"; fi; done)

[[Category:Programming]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Shell]]

Main Page

2018-08-03T06:24:22Z

Bombe: Add Using GPG on a remote shell.

Using GPG on a remote shell

2018-08-03T06:24:00Z

Bombe: Created page with "Sometimes you need to use <code>gpg</code> on a remote shell on a machine that is usually operated via a local desktop which in turn means that <code>gpg</code> is configured..."

Sometimes you need to use <code>gpg</code> on a remote shell on a machine that is usually operated via a local desktop which in turn means that <code>gpg</code> is configured to use the graphical environment to ask for passphrases. That’s not so hot on a remote shell, though.

PINENTRY_USER_DATA="USE_CURSES=1" GPG_TTY=$(tty) gpg …

Main Page

2018-07-03T18:13:52Z

Bombe: Add my Quassel stylesheet

Quassel Stylesheet

2018-07-03T18:05:19Z

Bombe: Change font to Merriweather

ChatView, NickView, BufferView {
font-family: "Merriweather";
font-weight: 400;
font-size: 18pt;
}

ChatLine {
font-family: "Merriweather";
font-weight: 400;
font-size: 18pt;
}

MultiLineEdit {
font-family: "Merriweather";
font-weight: 400;
font-size: 18pt;
}

ChatLine[label="highlight"] {
background: inherit;
color: #ff7f00;
font-weight: bold;
}

ChatLine[sender="self"] {
font-weight: 600;
color: #0000ff;
}

ChatLine#part {
foreground: #990000;
}

ChatLine#quit {
foreground: #990000;
}

ChatLine#kick {
foreground: #990000;
}

ChatLine#join {
foreground: #009900;
}

Quassel Stylesheet

2018-07-03T18:03:56Z

Bombe: My custom Quassel stylesheet

ChatView, NickView, BufferView {
font-family: "Bookerly";
font-weight: 400;
font-size: 18pt;
}

ChatLine {
font-family: "Bookerly";
font-weight: 400;
font-size: 18pt;
}

MultiLineEdit {
font-family: "Bookerly";
font-weight: 400;
font-size: 18pt;
}

ChatLine[label="highlight"] {
background: inherit;
color: #ff7f00;
font-weight: bold;
}

ChatLine[sender="self"] {
font-weight: 600;
color: #0000ff;
}

ChatLine#part {
foreground: #990000;
}

ChatLine#quit {
foreground: #990000;
}

ChatLine#kick {
foreground: #990000;
}

ChatLine#join {
foreground: #009900;
}

Verifying Header Comments

2015-11-27T06:11:53Z

Bombe: Escape wiki expression

A normal Java source file (in my projects) consists of a header like the following one:

<pre>
/*
* FreenetSone - EditImagePage.java - Copyright © 2010–2012 David Roden
*
…
</pre>

It should contain the name of the project and the name of the file. Sometimes, due to refactoring or copy/paste, the filename in the header does not match the name of the file in question. The following bash script will locate those files:

# grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; c="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f2 | cut -d' ' -f2)"; f2="$(basename "$f")"; [ "$c" != "$f2" ] && echo "$f: $c"; done

And sometimes you even changed the name of the project at some point in the past. Use the following oneliner to find those files that have a different project name than the one you substitute at the end of the command:

# grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; project="$(echo "$line" | cut -d' ' -f3)"; [ $project != "''Sone''" ] && echo "$f: $project"; done

And then there’s the ever-occuring issue with the years in the copyright line. Use this to find files that don’t have the current year as last year in the copyright line.

# cy=$(date +%Y); grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; v="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f3 | cut -d' ' -f4)"; y="${v:(-4)}"; if [ "$y" != "$cy" ]; then echo "$f: $y"; fi; done

To update all files that need updating:

# cy=$(date +%Y); sed -i "" -E -e 's,^( \* .*Copyright © )(<nowiki>[[:digit:]]</nowiki>{4})(–<nowiki>[[:digit:]]</nowiki>{4})?(.*)$,\1\2–'$cy'\4,' -- $(grep -r "Copyright" src | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; v="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f3 | cut -d' ' -f4)"; y="${v:(-4)}"; if [ "$y" != "$cy" ]; then echo "$f"; fi; done)

[[Category:Programming]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Shell]]

Verifying Header Comments

2015-11-27T06:11:13Z

Bombe: Add script to update years in copyright lines

A normal Java source file (in my projects) consists of a header like the following one:

<pre>
/*
* FreenetSone - EditImagePage.java - Copyright © 2010–2012 David Roden
*
…
</pre>

It should contain the name of the project and the name of the file. Sometimes, due to refactoring or copy/paste, the filename in the header does not match the name of the file in question. The following bash script will locate those files:

# grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; c="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f2 | cut -d' ' -f2)"; f2="$(basename "$f")"; [ "$c" != "$f2" ] && echo "$f: $c"; done

And sometimes you even changed the name of the project at some point in the past. Use the following oneliner to find those files that have a different project name than the one you substitute at the end of the command:

# grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; project="$(echo "$line" | cut -d' ' -f3)"; [ $project != "''Sone''" ] && echo "$f: $project"; done

And then there’s the ever-occuring issue with the years in the copyright line. Use this to find files that don’t have the current year as last year in the copyright line.

# cy=$(date +%Y); grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; v="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f3 | cut -d' ' -f4)"; y="${v:(-4)}"; if [ "$y" != "$cy" ]; then echo "$f: $y"; fi; done

To update all files that need updating:

# cy=$(date +%Y); sed -i "" -E -e 's,^( \* .*Copyright © )([[:digit:]]{4})(–[[:digit:]]{4})?(.*)$,\1\2–'$cy'\4,' -- $(grep -r "Copyright" src | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; v="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f3 | cut -d' ' -f4)"; y="${v:(-4)}"; if [ "$y" != "$cy" ]; then echo "$f"; fi; done)

[[Category:Programming]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Shell]]

Verifying Header Comments

2015-11-26T19:23:38Z

Bombe: Fix formatting

A normal Java source file (in my projects) consists of a header like the following one:

<pre>
/*
* FreenetSone - EditImagePage.java - Copyright © 2010–2012 David Roden
*
…
</pre>

It should contain the name of the project and the name of the file. Sometimes, due to refactoring or copy/paste, the filename in the header does not match the name of the file in question. The following bash script will locate those files:

# grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; c="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f2 | cut -d' ' -f2)"; f2="$(basename "$f")"; [ "$c" != "$f2" ] && echo "$f: $c"; done

And sometimes you even changed the name of the project at some point in the past. Use the following oneliner to find those files that have a different project name than the one you substitute at the end of the command:

# grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; project="$(echo "$line" | cut -d' ' -f3)"; [ $project != "''Sone''" ] && echo "$f: $project"; done

And then there’s the ever-occuring issue with the years in the copyright line. Use this to find files that don’t have the current year as last year in the copyright line.

# cy=$(date +%Y); grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; v="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f3 | cut -d' ' -f4)"; y="${v:(-4)}"; if [ "$y" != "$cy" ]; then echo "$f: $y"; fi; done

[[Category:Programming]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Shell]]

Verifying Header Comments

2015-11-26T19:23:18Z

Bombe: Add shell script to find files with non-current copyright years

A normal Java source file (in my projects) consists of a header like the following one:

<pre>
/*
* FreenetSone - EditImagePage.java - Copyright © 2010–2012 David Roden
*
…
</pre>

It should contain the name of the project and the name of the file. Sometimes, due to refactoring or copy/paste, the filename in the header does not match the name of the file in question. The following bash script will locate those files:

# grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; c="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f2 | cut -d' ' -f2)"; f2="$(basename "$f")"; [ "$c" != "$f2" ] && echo "$f: $c"; done

And sometimes you even changed the name of the project at some point in the past. Use the following oneliner to find those files that have a different project name than the one you substitute at the end of the command:

# grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; project="$(echo "$line" | cut -d' ' -f3)"; [ $project != "''Sone''" ] && echo "$f: $project"; done

And then there’s the ever-occuring issue with the years in the copyright line. Use this to find files that don’t have the current year as last year in the copyright line.

# cy=$(date +%Y); grep -r "Copyright" src/ | grep "java:" | while read line; do f="$(echo "$line" | cut -d: -f1)"; v="$(echo "$line" | cut -d- -f3 | cut -d' ' -f4)"; y="${v:(-4)}"; if [ "$y" != "$cy" ]; then echo "$f: $y"; fi; done

[[Category:Programming]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Shell]]

Encoding DJ Mixes

2015-06-25T09:58:55Z

Bombe: /* Encoding as Ogg Vorbis */ add tags to Ogg file

For maximum compatibility with the world’s shitty browser mess DJ mixes should be encoded in three formats: MP3, Ogg Vorbis, and AAC.

== Encoding as MP3 ==

flac -cd Mix.flac | lame --preset standard -q 0 -p - Mix.mp3

== Encoding as Ogg Vorbis ==

flac -cd Mix.flac | oggenc -q 5 -o Mix.ogg -
vorbiscomment -a -t "ARTIST=''artist''" -t "TITLE=''title''" -t "DATE=''date''" -t "GENRE=''genre''" -t "TRACKNUMBER=1/1" Mix.ogg

== Encoding as AAC ==

flac -cd Mix.flac | faac -w -q 125 -o Mix.m4a -

[[Category:Encoding]]

Deploying Single Files with Maven

2015-06-03T18:33:23Z

Bombe: Add pom.xml for Maven on OS X, add sources to deployment

In order to deploy single files that are not controlled by Maven, you need the <tt>deploy:deploy-file</tt> goal.

# mvn -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version'' -DrepositoryId=''repositoryId'' -Dsources=''source.jar'' -Durl=scpexe://''host''/''path'' deploy:deploy-file

The repository ID is necessary in case you have authentication information defined for your repository. You might additionally also need the following in your <code>pom.xml</code>:

<project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>''groupId''</groupId>
<artifactId>''artifactId''</artifactId>
<version>''version''</version>
<build>
<extensions>
<extension>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId>
<artifactId>wagon-ssh-external</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</extension>
</extensions>
</build>
</project>

To install a file only locally, use:

# mvn install:install-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version''

To additionally install the sources for a JAR file, use:

# mvn install:install-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version'' -Dclassifier=sources

[[Category:Programming]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Maven]]

Ripping and Encoding DVDs

2013-09-10T19:00:02Z

Bombe: /* Encode the Video */ Add an <tt>avconv</tt> command line.

[[Category:Encoding]]
[[Category:Ripping]]
[[Category:DVD]]
This page describes in large detail how to create near perfect DVD rips. “Near perfect” in this context means that the video quality is nearly indistinguishable from the DVD video, and all audio tracks contained in the movie are the AC3 tracks that are contained in the DVD without any reencoding whatsoever.

== Copy the Main Title from the DVD ==

All these actions can be performed without copying the movie to a local hard disk first but as a DVD drive is almost always slower than a local hard disk, copying the main title of the movie to the hard disk before processing will save a lot of time.

First, we need to find out which title is the main title. I recommend storing the output of <code>lsdvd</code>, too, so that you can look at it later, e. g. for subtitle stream IDs, or other technical information.

$ lsdvd -x /dev/dvd > movie.txt

<code>lsdvd</code> can tell you a lot of things about the DVD in question. Especially the track IDs for audio and subtitle tracks will be interesting later on so try not to forget where you got it from. For now it will tell you the longest title on the disc; usually this is the main title. Copy it to the hard disk using <code>tccat</code> from the <code>transcode</code> package:

$ tccat -i /dev/dvd -T ''<title>'',-1 > movie.mpg

While <code>tccat</code> is busy you can already perform the next steps.

$ cp ''/path/to/dvd/''VIDEO_TS/VTS_''<vts>''_0.IFO movie.ifo

This will copy the IFO file for the main title to the disc. This file contains information that is relevant for subtitle conversion. If you do not need subtitles, you can skip this. The VTS number of the main title is listed in the <code>lsdvd -x</code> output from above and is always two digits long.

$ dvdxchap -t ''<title>'' /dev/dvd > movie.chap

This will extract the chapter information from the main title into a text file. If you want and if you know the names of the chapters, you can now edit this file.

Now we have to wait until <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the main title to the hard disk. Encoding the video is the next step as it is bound to take quite some time (depending on your hardware) and the rest of the steps (except for multiplexing, of course) can be performed while the video is being encoded.

== Encode the Video ==

Encoding the video has a lot to do with voodoo. When you try to use Google to find “the best options” to encode a DVD you will find none. Or to be more precise, you will find plenty, and they will all contradict each other. There are about a millions ways to encode video; I will only outline some of them.

=== Using avidemux2 ===

Using avidemux2 gives you a nice user interface and easy selection of all relevant parameters for the encoding process. These are the settings I usually use:

* Video Codec: MPEG-4 ASP (xvid)
* Constant Quality: 5
* Some time-hungry options, such as High Motion Estimation, Wide Search for Rate Distortion Optimisation, Quarter Pixel Motion Estimation, and Global Motion Compensation. I don’t really care about how long the encoding takes, I’m interesting in the best possible picture.
* Most important: The Pixel Aspect Ratio has to be set to “as input”! This allows you to crop black borders off of the image without having to recalculate the new width and height of the image.
* Also, you do not need to set the width and height of the image. The size of the source material in combination with the Pixel Aspect Ratio will automatically take care that the final video is stretched as necessary. Not resizing the picture will also keep the quality of the video material at its maximum; it will never get better when you resize.
* Disable all audio tracks, as the input MPEG file still contains all audio tracks from the DVD and they don’t need to be encoded.

Now save the file to <code>movie.avi</code>.

=== Using mencoder ===

Using a command line tool such as <code>mencoder</code> gives you the possibility to encode on a remote machine, e.g. on your desktop machine when you’re not at home, or on a headless server somewhere in a data warehouse or your basement. Basically, the <code>mencoder</code> command line looks like this:

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4

This will use the <code>xvid</code> codec at a fixed quantizer (3), enabling a couple of quality-improving options (quarter pixels, global motion compensation, Trellis quantization, motion search algorithm), omitting all audio tracks and subtitles from the original MPEG file.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4:cartoon:interlacing:pass=1:bitrate=-307200

This will used the <code>xvid</code> codec again but tell it to optimize for interlaced cartoon material, using 2-pass encoding heading for a total amount of 307200 KiB of video stream. (You need to run this command again, substituting <code>:pass=2</code> at the appropriate place.)

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4 -vf pullup,softskip -ofps 24000/1001

This will perform an inverse telecine transformation, reducing NTSC material from 30000/1001 (aka 29.97) fps to 24000/1001 (aka 23.976) fps.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -vf crop=720:416:0:80 -ovc x264 -x264encopts crf=18:preset=veryslow:threads=1

This encodes the video with the x264 codec with a single thread and the “veryslow” preset (which is indeed very slow) and crops the video (reducing the height to 416 pixels, starting at pixel 80).

=== Using x264 ===

It is also possible to use the h.264 encoder <tt>x264</tt> directly.

$ x264 --index movie.mpg.idx --no-interlaced --crf 18 --preset veryslow --threads 2 --vf crop:0,80,0,80 -o movie.avi movie.mpg

=== Using avconv ===

And last but not least there is also <tt>avconv</tt> (formerly knows as <tt>ffmpeg</tt>):

$ avconv -y -i movie.mpg -map 0:v -map 0:s -map 0:a:1 -map 0:a:0 -map 0:a:2 -map 0:a:3 -c copy -c:v libx264 -crf 15 -trellis 1 -tune animation -vf yadif,crop=704:560:10:6 movie.mkv

This will overwrite any output files (<tt>-y</tt>) when encoding the input file <tt>movie.mpg</tt> (<tt>-i movie.mpg</tt>). It will use all video tracks (<tt>-map 0:v</tt>), all subtitle tracks (<tt>-map 0:s</tt>), and the first four audio tracks in the order 1, 0, 2, 3 (<tt>-map 0:a:1 -map 0:a:0 -map 0:a:2 -map 0:a:3</tt>). The default codec for all tracks is the “copy” codec (<tt>-c copy</tt>) but the video track is encoded using the x264 encoder (<tt>-c:v libx264</tt>). <tt>-crf 15</tt> tells the x264 encoder to use a Constant Rate Factor of 15, <tt>-trellis 1</tt> activates Trellis optimization, <tt>-tune animation</tt> tunes the encoder setting for animated content. Two video filters are then added for the output file: “yadif” is a deinterlacing filter with very good results, and “crop=704:560:10:6” will only encode a window with the dimensions 704×560, starting at the coordinates (10,6). The result is written to the file <tt>movie.mkv</tt>; the appropriate muxer for Matroska video is automatically selected.

== Extract Subtitle Tracks ==

After <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the movie to your hard disk you can extract the subtitle tracks. This is necessary because they have to be converted before <code>mkvmerge</code> can handle them.

$ tcextract -i movie.mpg -a 0x20 -x ps1 > movie.en.ps1

The ID of the subtitle track (here: 0x20) can be found in the output of <code>lsdvd</code>. Choose the subtitles you like and extract them one after another.

Now they have to be converted to the VobSub format:

$ subtitle2vobsub -p movie.en.ps1 -i movie.ifo -o movie.en

This will create the files <code>movie.en.sub</code> and <code>movie.en.idx</code>. Both are necessary for <code>mkvmerge</code> to do its magic.

We’re almost there.

== Mux the Final Video ==

Now all that we have created has to be put together.

$ mkvmerge -o movie.mkv --title "Movie" --chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap \
--compression 0:none movie.avi \
-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg \
--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx \
--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx

Yes, this command line needs some explaining.

;-o movie.mkv
:This is the output file that we are creating.

;--title “Movie“
:Here you can specify the title of the movie. This parameter is optional.

;--chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap
:This includes the chapter definitions from the given file and also specifies that the lanuage of the chapters file is English.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none movie.avi</nowiki>
:Includes all tracks from the given file in the output file. The “--compression 0:none” parameters tells <code>mkvmerge</code> to not use any kind of header compression. As we only stored a video track in <code>movie.avi</code> we do not need to restrict inclusion of this file. If you accidentally encoded an audio track as well, you need to specify “-A” before “movie.avi” - this will tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to not include any audio tracks.

;<nowiki>-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg</nowiki>
:These parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to include no video track (“-D”) and audio tracks 1 and 2 (“-a 1,2”) from the file <code>movie.mpg</code>. This is our source file from the DVD and thus contains the MPEG-2 video stream that we reencoded earlier, as well as the original AC3 audio tracks that we are interested in. Note that the audio tracks are tracks 1 and 2 because track 0 in the file <code>movie.mpg</code> is the video track! Use “<code>mkvmerge --identify movie.mpg</code>” to list all tracks that <code>mkvmerge</code> recognizes. Also, these parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> that audio track 1 is English, and audio track 2 is German. If you want to include more than two audio tracks you need to repeat the respective parameters for all additional audio tracks.
:If you are muxing a video file that consists of an AVC/h.264 stream you need to specify the duration of a frame because the stream itself does not contain that information; <code>mkvmerge</code> assumes a default of 25 FPS.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx</nowiki>
:This includes all tracks from the <code>movie.en.idx</code> file which is a single subtitle track in the English language. The “--default-track 0:0” specifies that the included track with the index 0 (i.e. the only subtitle track in the file) is not a default track. This needs to be specified for all subtitles unless you really want to show a certain subtitle as default when a movie starts. This can be used to include forced subtitles for additional foreign languages spoken in a movie, e.g. the Na’vi language in “Avatar”, or Elfish in “The Lord of the Rings.”

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx</nowiki>
:Includes the German subtitles.

Voilá, <code>movie.mkv</code> now contains your movie, all audio tracks, and all subtitle tracks that you want to be in there.

Deploying Single Files with Maven

2013-09-04T19:59:29Z

Bombe: Add command-line to add the sources of a JAR file, too.

In order to deploy single files that are not controlled by Maven, you need the <tt>deploy:deploy-file</tt> goal.

# mvn deploy:deploy-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version'' -DrepositoryId=''repositoryId'' -Durl=scp://''host''/''path''

The repository ID is necessary in case you have authentication information defined for your repository.

To install a file only locally, use:

# mvn install:install-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version''

To additionally install the sources for a JAR file, use:

# mvn install:install-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version'' -Dclassifier=sources

[[Category:Programming]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Maven]]

Deploying Single Files with Maven

2013-06-29T16:41:30Z

Bombe: Fix packaging.

In order to deploy single files that are not controlled by Maven, you need the <tt>deploy:deploy-file</tt> goal.

# mvn deploy:deploy-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version'' -DrepositoryId=''repositoryId'' -Durl=scp://''host''/''path''

The repository ID is necessary in case you have authentication information defined for your repository.

To install a file only locally, use:

# mvn install:install-file -Dfile=''file'' -DgroupId=''groupId'' -DartifactId=''artifactId'' -Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=''version''

[[Category:Programming]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Maven]]

Ripping and Encoding DVDs

2013-06-23T10:54:32Z

Bombe: Use the real DVD device.

[[Category:Encoding]]
[[Category:Ripping]]
[[Category:DVD]]
This page describes in large detail how to create near perfect DVD rips. “Near perfect” in this context means that the video quality is nearly indistinguishable from the DVD video, and all audio tracks contained in the movie are the AC3 tracks that are contained in the DVD without any reencoding whatsoever.

== Copy the Main Title from the DVD ==

All these actions can be performed without copying the movie to a local hard disk first but as a DVD drive is almost always slower than a local hard disk, copying the main title of the movie to the hard disk before processing will save a lot of time.

First, we need to find out which title is the main title. I recommend storing the output of <code>lsdvd</code>, too, so that you can look at it later, e. g. for subtitle stream IDs, or other technical information.

$ lsdvd -x /dev/dvd > movie.txt

<code>lsdvd</code> can tell you a lot of things about the DVD in question. Especially the track IDs for audio and subtitle tracks will be interesting later on so try not to forget where you got it from. For now it will tell you the longest title on the disc; usually this is the main title. Copy it to the hard disk using <code>tccat</code> from the <code>transcode</code> package:

$ tccat -i /dev/dvd -T ''<title>'',-1 > movie.mpg

While <code>tccat</code> is busy you can already perform the next steps.

$ cp ''/path/to/dvd/''VIDEO_TS/VTS_''<vts>''_0.IFO movie.ifo

This will copy the IFO file for the main title to the disc. This file contains information that is relevant for subtitle conversion. If you do not need subtitles, you can skip this. The VTS number of the main title is listed in the <code>lsdvd -x</code> output from above and is always two digits long.

$ dvdxchap -t ''<title>'' /dev/dvd > movie.chap

This will extract the chapter information from the main title into a text file. If you want and if you know the names of the chapters, you can now edit this file.

Now we have to wait until <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the main title to the hard disk. Encoding the video is the next step as it is bound to take quite some time (depending on your hardware) and the rest of the steps (except for multiplexing, of course) can be performed while the video is being encoded.

== Encode the Video ==

Encoding the video has a lot to do with voodoo. When you try to use Google to find “the best options” to encode a DVD you will find none. Or to be more precise, you will find plenty, and they will all contradict each other. There are about a millions ways to encode video; I will only outline some of them.

=== Using avidemux2 ===

Using avidemux2 gives you a nice user interface and easy selection of all relevant parameters for the encoding process. These are the settings I usually use:

* Video Codec: MPEG-4 ASP (xvid)
* Constant Quality: 5
* Some time-hungry options, such as High Motion Estimation, Wide Search for Rate Distortion Optimisation, Quarter Pixel Motion Estimation, and Global Motion Compensation. I don’t really care about how long the encoding takes, I’m interesting in the best possible picture.
* Most important: The Pixel Aspect Ratio has to be set to “as input”! This allows you to crop black borders off of the image without having to recalculate the new width and height of the image.
* Also, you do not need to set the width and height of the image. The size of the source material in combination with the Pixel Aspect Ratio will automatically take care that the final video is stretched as necessary. Not resizing the picture will also keep the quality of the video material at its maximum; it will never get better when you resize.
* Disable all audio tracks, as the input MPEG file still contains all audio tracks from the DVD and they don’t need to be encoded.

Now save the file to <code>movie.avi</code>.

=== Using mencoder ===

Using a command line tool such as <code>mencoder</code> gives you the possibility to encode on a remote machine, e.g. on your desktop machine when you’re not at home, or on a headless server somewhere in a data warehouse or your basement. Basically, the <code>mencoder</code> command line looks like this:

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4

This will use the <code>xvid</code> codec at a fixed quantizer (3), enabling a couple of quality-improving options (quarter pixels, global motion compensation, Trellis quantization, motion search algorithm), omitting all audio tracks and subtitles from the original MPEG file.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4:cartoon:interlacing:pass=1:bitrate=-307200

This will used the <code>xvid</code> codec again but tell it to optimize for interlaced cartoon material, using 2-pass encoding heading for a total amount of 307200 KiB of video stream. (You need to run this command again, substituting <code>:pass=2</code> at the appropriate place.)

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4 -vf pullup,softskip -ofps 24000/1001

This will perform an inverse telecine transformation, reducing NTSC material from 30000/1001 (aka 29.97) fps to 24000/1001 (aka 23.976) fps.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -vf crop=720:416:0:80 -ovc x264 -x264encopts crf=18:preset=veryslow:threads=1

This encodes the video with the x264 codec with a single thread and the “veryslow” preset (which is indeed very slow) and crops the video (reducing the height to 416 pixels, starting at pixel 80).

=== Using x264 ===

It is also possible to use the h.264 encoder <tt>x264</tt> directly.

$ x264 --index movie.mpg.idx --no-interlaced --crf 18 --preset veryslow --threads 2 --vf crop:0,80,0,80 -o movie.avi movie.mpg

== Extract Subtitle Tracks ==

After <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the movie to your hard disk you can extract the subtitle tracks. This is necessary because they have to be converted before <code>mkvmerge</code> can handle them.

$ tcextract -i movie.mpg -a 0x20 -x ps1 > movie.en.ps1

The ID of the subtitle track (here: 0x20) can be found in the output of <code>lsdvd</code>. Choose the subtitles you like and extract them one after another.

Now they have to be converted to the VobSub format:

$ subtitle2vobsub -p movie.en.ps1 -i movie.ifo -o movie.en

This will create the files <code>movie.en.sub</code> and <code>movie.en.idx</code>. Both are necessary for <code>mkvmerge</code> to do its magic.

We’re almost there.

== Mux the Final Video ==

Now all that we have created has to be put together.

$ mkvmerge -o movie.mkv --title "Movie" --chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap \
--compression 0:none movie.avi \
-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg \
--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx \
--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx

Yes, this command line needs some explaining.

;-o movie.mkv
:This is the output file that we are creating.

;--title “Movie“
:Here you can specify the title of the movie. This parameter is optional.

;--chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap
:This includes the chapter definitions from the given file and also specifies that the lanuage of the chapters file is English.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none movie.avi</nowiki>
:Includes all tracks from the given file in the output file. The “--compression 0:none” parameters tells <code>mkvmerge</code> to not use any kind of header compression. As we only stored a video track in <code>movie.avi</code> we do not need to restrict inclusion of this file. If you accidentally encoded an audio track as well, you need to specify “-A” before “movie.avi” - this will tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to not include any audio tracks.

;<nowiki>-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg</nowiki>
:These parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to include no video track (“-D”) and audio tracks 1 and 2 (“-a 1,2”) from the file <code>movie.mpg</code>. This is our source file from the DVD and thus contains the MPEG-2 video stream that we reencoded earlier, as well as the original AC3 audio tracks that we are interested in. Note that the audio tracks are tracks 1 and 2 because track 0 in the file <code>movie.mpg</code> is the video track! Use “<code>mkvmerge --identify movie.mpg</code>” to list all tracks that <code>mkvmerge</code> recognizes. Also, these parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> that audio track 1 is English, and audio track 2 is German. If you want to include more than two audio tracks you need to repeat the respective parameters for all additional audio tracks.
:If you are muxing a video file that consists of an AVC/h.264 stream you need to specify the duration of a frame because the stream itself does not contain that information; <code>mkvmerge</code> assumes a default of 25 FPS.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx</nowiki>
:This includes all tracks from the <code>movie.en.idx</code> file which is a single subtitle track in the English language. The “--default-track 0:0” specifies that the included track with the index 0 (i.e. the only subtitle track in the file) is not a default track. This needs to be specified for all subtitles unless you really want to show a certain subtitle as default when a movie starts. This can be used to include forced subtitles for additional foreign languages spoken in a movie, e.g. the Na’vi language in “Avatar”, or Elfish in “The Lord of the Rings.”

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx</nowiki>
:Includes the German subtitles.

Voilá, <code>movie.mkv</code> now contains your movie, all audio tracks, and all subtitle tracks that you want to be in there.

Main Page

2013-06-12T04:55:36Z

Bombe: Change Matroska Properties hinzugefügt.

Contents of this wiki:

== Media ==

* [[Ripping and Encoding DVDs]]
* [[Encoding DJ Mixes]]
* [[Changing Matroska Properties]]

=== Photography ===

* [[Capture Images]]

== Security ==

* [[Creating Certificates]]
* [[Mounting Encrypted Home Directories]]

== Programming ==

* [[Deploying Single Files with Maven]]
* [[Verifying Header Comments]]

Changing Matroska Properties

2013-06-12T04:55:18Z

Bombe: Page created.

Main Page

2013-01-18T22:44:43Z

Bombe: Added Capture Images.

Contents of this wiki:

== Media ==

* [[Ripping and Encoding DVDs]]
* [[Encoding DJ Mixes]]

=== Photography ===

* [[Capture Images]]

== Security ==

* [[Creating Certificates]]
* [[Mounting Encrypted Home Directories]]

== Programming ==

* [[Deploying Single Files with Maven]]
* [[Verifying Header Comments]]

Capture Images

2013-01-18T22:44:28Z

Bombe: Add some useful command lines for taking pictures with gphoto2

To capture images from the command line using `gphoto2`:

# gphoto2 --set-config "Capture Size Class"="Full Image" --capture-preview --force-overwrite --filename=''foo.jpg''

Time-lapse is also possible (but seems to freeze after a few pictures):

# gphoto2 -I ''10'' --set-config "Capture Size Class"="Full Image" --capture-image-and-download --filename=''foo_%04n.jpg'' --force-overwrite

Verifying Header Comments

2013-01-17T13:07:38Z

Bombe: Added categories.

Main Page

2013-01-17T13:06:44Z

Bombe: /* Programming */ Added Verifying Header Comments.

Contents of this wiki:

== Media ==

* [[Ripping and Encoding DVDs]]
* [[Encoding DJ Mixes]]

== Security ==

* [[Creating Certificates]]
* [[Mounting Encrypted Home Directories]]

== Programming ==

* [[Deploying Single Files with Maven]]
* [[Verifying Header Comments]]

Verifying Header Comments

2013-01-17T13:06:25Z

Bombe: Add page.

Ripping and Encoding DVDs

2012-12-01T08:35:12Z

Bombe: /* Copy the Main Title from the DVD */ Store lsdvd output, too.

[[Category:Encoding]]
[[Category:Ripping]]
[[Category:DVD]]
This page describes in large detail how to create near perfect DVD rips. “Near perfect” in this context means that the video quality is nearly indistinguishable from the DVD video, and all audio tracks contained in the movie are the AC3 tracks that are contained in the DVD without any reencoding whatsoever.

== Copy the Main Title from the DVD ==

All these actions can be performed without copying the movie to a local hard disk first but as a DVD drive is almost always slower than a local hard disk, copying the main title of the movie to the hard disk before processing will save a lot of time.

First, we need to find out which title is the main title. I recommend storing the output of <code>lsdvd</code>, too, so that you can look at it later, e. g. for subtitle stream IDs, or other technical information.

$ lsdvd -x ''/path/to/dvd'' > movie.txt

<code>lsdvd</code> can tell you a lot of things about the DVD in question. Especially the track IDs for audio and subtitle tracks will be interesting later on so try not to forget where you got it from. For now it will tell you the longest title on the disc; usually this is the main title. Copy it to the hard disk using <code>tccat</code> from the <code>transcode</code> package:

$ tccat -i /dev/dvd -T ''<title>'',-1 > movie.mpg

While <code>tccat</code> is busy you can already perform the next steps.

$ cp ''/path/to/dvd/''VIDEO_TS/VTS_''<vts>''_0.IFO movie.ifo

This will copy the IFO file for the main title to the disc. This file contains information that is relevant for subtitle conversion. If you do not need subtitles, you can skip this. The VTS number of the main title is listed in the <code>lsdvd -x</code> output from above and is always two digits long.

$ dvdxchap -t ''<title>'' /dev/dvd > movie.chap

This will extract the chapter information from the main title into a text file. If you want and if you know the names of the chapters, you can now edit this file.

Now we have to wait until <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the main title to the hard disk. Encoding the video is the next step as it is bound to take quite some time (depending on your hardware) and the rest of the steps (except for multiplexing, of course) can be performed while the video is being encoded.

== Encode the Video ==

Encoding the video has a lot to do with voodoo. When you try to use Google to find “the best options” to encode a DVD you will find none. Or to be more precise, you will find plenty, and they will all contradict each other. There are about a millions ways to encode video; I will only outline some of them.

=== Using avidemux2 ===

Using avidemux2 gives you a nice user interface and easy selection of all relevant parameters for the encoding process. These are the settings I usually use:

* Video Codec: MPEG-4 ASP (xvid)
* Constant Quality: 5
* Some time-hungry options, such as High Motion Estimation, Wide Search for Rate Distortion Optimisation, Quarter Pixel Motion Estimation, and Global Motion Compensation. I don’t really care about how long the encoding takes, I’m interesting in the best possible picture.
* Most important: The Pixel Aspect Ratio has to be set to “as input”! This allows you to crop black borders off of the image without having to recalculate the new width and height of the image.
* Also, you do not need to set the width and height of the image. The size of the source material in combination with the Pixel Aspect Ratio will automatically take care that the final video is stretched as necessary. Not resizing the picture will also keep the quality of the video material at its maximum; it will never get better when you resize.
* Disable all audio tracks, as the input MPEG file still contains all audio tracks from the DVD and they don’t need to be encoded.

Now save the file to <code>movie.avi</code>.

=== Using mencoder ===

Using a command line tool such as <code>mencoder</code> gives you the possibility to encode on a remote machine, e.g. on your desktop machine when you’re not at home, or on a headless server somewhere in a data warehouse or your basement. Basically, the <code>mencoder</code> command line looks like this:

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4

This will use the <code>xvid</code> codec at a fixed quantizer (3), enabling a couple of quality-improving options (quarter pixels, global motion compensation, Trellis quantization, motion search algorithm), omitting all audio tracks and subtitles from the original MPEG file.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4:cartoon:interlacing:pass=1:bitrate=-307200

This will used the <code>xvid</code> codec again but tell it to optimize for interlaced cartoon material, using 2-pass encoding heading for a total amount of 307200 KiB of video stream. (You need to run this command again, substituting <code>:pass=2</code> at the appropriate place.)

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4 -vf pullup,softskip -ofps 24000/1001

This will perform an inverse telecine transformation, reducing NTSC material from 30000/1001 (aka 29.97) fps to 24000/1001 (aka 23.976) fps.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -vf crop=720:416:0:80 -ovc x264 -x264encopts crf=18:preset=veryslow:threads=1

This encodes the video with the x264 codec with a single thread and the “veryslow” preset (which is indeed very slow) and crops the video (reducing the height to 416 pixels, starting at pixel 80).

=== Using x264 ===

It is also possible to use the h.264 encoder <tt>x264</tt> directly.

$ x264 --index movie.mpg.idx --no-interlaced --crf 18 --preset veryslow --threads 2 --vf crop:0,80,0,80 -o movie.avi movie.mpg

== Extract Subtitle Tracks ==

After <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the movie to your hard disk you can extract the subtitle tracks. This is necessary because they have to be converted before <code>mkvmerge</code> can handle them.

$ tcextract -i movie.mpg -a 0x20 -x ps1 > movie.en.ps1

The ID of the subtitle track (here: 0x20) can be found in the output of <code>lsdvd</code>. Choose the subtitles you like and extract them one after another.

Now they have to be converted to the VobSub format:

$ subtitle2vobsub -p movie.en.ps1 -i movie.ifo -o movie.en

This will create the files <code>movie.en.sub</code> and <code>movie.en.idx</code>. Both are necessary for <code>mkvmerge</code> to do its magic.

We’re almost there.

== Mux the Final Video ==

Now all that we have created has to be put together.

$ mkvmerge -o movie.mkv --title "Movie" --chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap \
--compression 0:none movie.avi \
-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg \
--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx \
--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx

Yes, this command line needs some explaining.

;-o movie.mkv
:This is the output file that we are creating.

;--title “Movie“
:Here you can specify the title of the movie. This parameter is optional.

;--chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap
:This includes the chapter definitions from the given file and also specifies that the lanuage of the chapters file is English.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none movie.avi</nowiki>
:Includes all tracks from the given file in the output file. The “--compression 0:none” parameters tells <code>mkvmerge</code> to not use any kind of header compression. As we only stored a video track in <code>movie.avi</code> we do not need to restrict inclusion of this file. If you accidentally encoded an audio track as well, you need to specify “-A” before “movie.avi” - this will tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to not include any audio tracks.

;<nowiki>-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg</nowiki>
:These parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to include no video track (“-D”) and audio tracks 1 and 2 (“-a 1,2”) from the file <code>movie.mpg</code>. This is our source file from the DVD and thus contains the MPEG-2 video stream that we reencoded earlier, as well as the original AC3 audio tracks that we are interested in. Note that the audio tracks are tracks 1 and 2 because track 0 in the file <code>movie.mpg</code> is the video track! Use “<code>mkvmerge --identify movie.mpg</code>” to list all tracks that <code>mkvmerge</code> recognizes. Also, these parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> that audio track 1 is English, and audio track 2 is German. If you want to include more than two audio tracks you need to repeat the respective parameters for all additional audio tracks.
:If you are muxing a video file that consists of an AVC/h.264 stream you need to specify the duration of a frame because the stream itself does not contain that information; <code>mkvmerge</code> assumes a default of 25 FPS.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx</nowiki>
:This includes all tracks from the <code>movie.en.idx</code> file which is a single subtitle track in the English language. The “--default-track 0:0” specifies that the included track with the index 0 (i.e. the only subtitle track in the file) is not a default track. This needs to be specified for all subtitles unless you really want to show a certain subtitle as default when a movie starts. This can be used to include forced subtitles for additional foreign languages spoken in a movie, e.g. the Na’vi language in “Avatar”, or Elfish in “The Lord of the Rings.”

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx</nowiki>
:Includes the German subtitles.

Voilá, <code>movie.mkv</code> now contains your movie, all audio tracks, and all subtitle tracks that you want to be in there.

User:Bombe/common.css

2012-11-30T06:27:54Z

Bombe: Remove content.

User:Bombe/common.css

2012-11-30T06:26:51Z

Bombe: Add quotes.

body { font-family: "TitilliumText25L"; }

User:Bombe/common.css

2012-11-30T06:23:52Z

Bombe: Use correct CSS name.

body { font-family: TitilliumText25L; }

User:Bombe/common.css

2012-11-30T06:20:00Z

Bombe: Use custom font.

body { font-face: TitilliumText25L; }

Creating Moviegrams

2012-11-04T22:02:51Z

Bombe: Print progress while cutting columns.

First get the width, length and framerate of the movie you want to create a moviegram of:

# mediainfo -f movie.avi | grep '$Width\|Frame \(rate\|count$\)'

Find out the ratio at which to play the movie:

# echo '3 k ''<fps>'' ''<number of frames>'' ''<movie width>'' / / p' | dc

This will probably result in a number smaller than <code>1.0</code>.

Now cut the single frames out of the movie:

# avconv -i movie.avi -vsync 1 -r ''rate'' image-%04.pnm

Cut a single column from all those frames:

# for i in `seq 1 ''width''`; do f="$(seq -f %04g $i $i)"; echo $f; pamcut -left "$(($i- 1))" -width 1 < "image-${f}.pnm" > "col-${f}.pnm"; done

Combine all the columns into a single image:

# pnmcat -lr col-0*.pnm > part-1.pnm # pnmcat can only open 1024 files at once so we have to process it in smaller batches
# pnmcat -lr col-1*.pnm > part-2.pnm
# pnmcat -lr part-*.pnm | pnmtopng > moviegram.png

Creating Moviegrams

2012-11-04T21:49:19Z

Bombe: Created page

First get the width, length and framerate of the movie you want to create a moviegram of:

# mediainfo -f movie.avi | grep '$Width\|Frame \(rate\|count$\)'

Find out the ratio at which to play the movie:

# echo '3 k ''<fps>'' ''<number of frames>'' ''<movie width>'' / / p' | dc

This will probably result in a number smaller than <code>1.0</code>.

Now cut the single frames out of the movie:

# avconv -i movie.avi -vsync 1 -r ''rate'' image-%04.pnm

Cut a single column from all those frames:

# for i in `seq 1 ''width''`; do f="$(seq -f %04g $i $i)"; pamcut -left "$(($i- 1))" -width 1 < "image-${f}.pnm" > "col-${f}.pnm"; done

Combine all the columns into a single image:

# pnmcat -lr col-0*.pnm > part-1.pnm # pnmcat can only open 1024 files at once so we have to process it in smaller batches
# pnmcat -lr col-1*.pnm > part-2.pnm
# pnmcat -lr part-*.pnm | pnmtopng > moviegram.png

Ripping and Encoding DVDs

2012-10-06T11:54:24Z

Bombe: /* Copy the Main Title from the DVD */ Extend lsdvd command to include the DVD’s path.

[[Category:Encoding]]
[[Category:Ripping]]
[[Category:DVD]]
This page describes in large detail how to create near perfect DVD rips. “Near perfect” in this context means that the video quality is nearly indistinguishable from the DVD video, and all audio tracks contained in the movie are the AC3 tracks that are contained in the DVD without any reencoding whatsoever.

== Copy the Main Title from the DVD ==

All these actions can be performed without copying the movie to a local hard disk first but as a DVD drive is almost always slower than a local hard disk, copying the main title of the movie to the hard disk before processing will save a lot of time.

First, we need to find out which title is the main title.

$ lsdvd -x ''/path/to/dvd''

<code>lsdvd</code> can tell you a lot of things about the DVD in question. Especially the track IDs for audio and subtitle tracks will be interesting later on so try not to forget where you got it from. For now it will tell you the longest title on the disc; usually this is the main title. Copy it to the hard disk using <code>tccat</code> from the <code>transcode</code> package:

$ tccat -i /dev/dvd -T ''<title>'',-1 > movie.mpg

While <code>tccat</code> is busy you can already perform the next steps.

$ cp ''/path/to/dvd/''VIDEO_TS/VTS_''<vts>''_0.IFO movie.ifo

This will copy the IFO file for the main title to the disc. This file contains information that is relevant for subtitle conversion. If you do not need subtitles, you can skip this. The VTS number of the main title is listed in the <code>lsdvd -x</code> output from above and is always two digits long.

$ dvdxchap -t ''<title>'' /dev/dvd > movie.chap

This will extract the chapter information from the main title into a text file. If you want and if you know the names of the chapters, you can now edit this file.

Now we have to wait until <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the main title to the hard disk. Encoding the video is the next step as it is bound to take quite some time (depending on your hardware) and the rest of the steps (except for multiplexing, of course) can be performed while the video is being encoded.

== Encode the Video ==

Encoding the video has a lot to do with voodoo. When you try to use Google to find “the best options” to encode a DVD you will find none. Or to be more precise, you will find plenty, and they will all contradict each other. There are about a millions ways to encode video; I will only outline some of them.

=== Using avidemux2 ===

Using avidemux2 gives you a nice user interface and easy selection of all relevant parameters for the encoding process. These are the settings I usually use:

* Video Codec: MPEG-4 ASP (xvid)
* Constant Quality: 5
* Some time-hungry options, such as High Motion Estimation, Wide Search for Rate Distortion Optimisation, Quarter Pixel Motion Estimation, and Global Motion Compensation. I don’t really care about how long the encoding takes, I’m interesting in the best possible picture.
* Most important: The Pixel Aspect Ratio has to be set to “as input”! This allows you to crop black borders off of the image without having to recalculate the new width and height of the image.
* Also, you do not need to set the width and height of the image. The size of the source material in combination with the Pixel Aspect Ratio will automatically take care that the final video is stretched as necessary. Not resizing the picture will also keep the quality of the video material at its maximum; it will never get better when you resize.
* Disable all audio tracks, as the input MPEG file still contains all audio tracks from the DVD and they don’t need to be encoded.

Now save the file to <code>movie.avi</code>.

=== Using mencoder ===

Using a command line tool such as <code>mencoder</code> gives you the possibility to encode on a remote machine, e.g. on your desktop machine when you’re not at home, or on a headless server somewhere in a data warehouse or your basement. Basically, the <code>mencoder</code> command line looks like this:

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4

This will use the <code>xvid</code> codec at a fixed quantizer (3), enabling a couple of quality-improving options (quarter pixels, global motion compensation, Trellis quantization, motion search algorithm), omitting all audio tracks and subtitles from the original MPEG file.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4:cartoon:interlacing:pass=1:bitrate=-307200

This will used the <code>xvid</code> codec again but tell it to optimize for interlaced cartoon material, using 2-pass encoding heading for a total amount of 307200 KiB of video stream. (You need to run this command again, substituting <code>:pass=2</code> at the appropriate place.)

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=3:qpel:gmc:trellis:vhq=4 -vf pullup,softskip -ofps 24000/1001

This will perform an inverse telecine transformation, reducing NTSC material from 30000/1001 (aka 29.97) fps to 24000/1001 (aka 23.976) fps.

$ mencoder -o movie.avi movie.mpg -nosound -nosub -noautosub -vf crop=720:416:0:80 -ovc x264 -x264encopts crf=18:preset=veryslow:threads=1

This encodes the video with the x264 codec with a single thread and the “veryslow” preset (which is indeed very slow) and crops the video (reducing the height to 416 pixels, starting at pixel 80).

=== Using x264 ===

It is also possible to use the h.264 encoder <tt>x264</tt> directly.

$ x264 --index movie.mpg.idx --no-interlaced --crf 18 --preset veryslow --threads 2 --vf crop:0,80,0,80 -o movie.avi movie.mpg

== Extract Subtitle Tracks ==

After <code>tccat</code> has finished copying the movie to your hard disk you can extract the subtitle tracks. This is necessary because they have to be converted before <code>mkvmerge</code> can handle them.

$ tcextract -i movie.mpg -a 0x20 -x ps1 > movie.en.ps1

The ID of the subtitle track (here: 0x20) can be found in the output of <code>lsdvd</code>. Choose the subtitles you like and extract them one after another.

Now they have to be converted to the VobSub format:

$ subtitle2vobsub -p movie.en.ps1 -i movie.ifo -o movie.en

This will create the files <code>movie.en.sub</code> and <code>movie.en.idx</code>. Both are necessary for <code>mkvmerge</code> to do its magic.

We’re almost there.

== Mux the Final Video ==

Now all that we have created has to be put together.

$ mkvmerge -o movie.mkv --title "Movie" --chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap \
--compression 0:none movie.avi \
-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg \
--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx \
--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx

Yes, this command line needs some explaining.

;-o movie.mkv
:This is the output file that we are creating.

;--title “Movie“
:Here you can specify the title of the movie. This parameter is optional.

;--chapter-language eng --chapters movie.chap
:This includes the chapter definitions from the given file and also specifies that the lanuage of the chapters file is English.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none movie.avi</nowiki>
:Includes all tracks from the given file in the output file. The “--compression 0:none” parameters tells <code>mkvmerge</code> to not use any kind of header compression. As we only stored a video track in <code>movie.avi</code> we do not need to restrict inclusion of this file. If you accidentally encoded an audio track as well, you need to specify “-A” before “movie.avi” - this will tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to not include any audio tracks.

;<nowiki>-D -a 1,2 --compression 1:none --language 1:eng --compression 2:none --language 2:ger --default-duration 0:25fps movie.mpg</nowiki>
:These parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> to include no video track (“-D”) and audio tracks 1 and 2 (“-a 1,2”) from the file <code>movie.mpg</code>. This is our source file from the DVD and thus contains the MPEG-2 video stream that we reencoded earlier, as well as the original AC3 audio tracks that we are interested in. Note that the audio tracks are tracks 1 and 2 because track 0 in the file <code>movie.mpg</code> is the video track! Use “<code>mkvmerge --identify movie.mpg</code>” to list all tracks that <code>mkvmerge</code> recognizes. Also, these parameters tell <code>mkvmerge</code> that audio track 1 is English, and audio track 2 is German. If you want to include more than two audio tracks you need to repeat the respective parameters for all additional audio tracks.
:If you are muxing a video file that consists of an AVC/h.264 stream you need to specify the duration of a frame because the stream itself does not contain that information; <code>mkvmerge</code> assumes a default of 25 FPS.

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:eng --default-track 0:0 movie.en.idx</nowiki>
:This includes all tracks from the <code>movie.en.idx</code> file which is a single subtitle track in the English language. The “--default-track 0:0” specifies that the included track with the index 0 (i.e. the only subtitle track in the file) is not a default track. This needs to be specified for all subtitles unless you really want to show a certain subtitle as default when a movie starts. This can be used to include forced subtitles for additional foreign languages spoken in a movie, e.g. the Na’vi language in “Avatar”, or Elfish in “The Lord of the Rings.”

;<nowiki>--compression 0:none --language 0:ger --default-track 0:0 movie.de.idx</nowiki>
:Includes the German subtitles.

Voilá, <code>movie.mkv</code> now contains your movie, all audio tracks, and all subtitle tracks that you want to be in there.